EE 420L
Analog
Integrated Circuit Design Laboratory
Laboratory
Report 8: Characterization of the CD4007 CMOS Transistor Array
AUTHOR:
Bryan Kerstetter
EMAIL:
kerstett@unlv.nevada.edu
APRIL
10, 2019
General
Overview
The ability to characterize physical MOSFETs is an
important skill to have. The characterization of MOSFETs allows one to develop
SPICE models. These SPICE models allow one to conduct simulations that mirror
the operation of the physical MOSFETs characterized. This laboratory regards
the characterization of the CD4007 CMOS transistor array. Upon characterization
of the transistor array, a Level 1 LTspice model will
then be created to properly simulate the behavior of the transistor array. It is assumed that the characterized MOSFETs
will be used in circuit designs powered by a single +5 V power supply.
Therefore, the characterized MOSFETs will not be characterized for voltages
greater than +5V.
Prelab
The datasheet of the CD4007 CMOS
transistor array was reviewed. It is understood that the bodies of the
NMOSs are tied to pin 7 (VSS) and the bodies of the PMOSs are tied to pin 14
(VDD). Generally, VSS is the lowest potential in the circuit and VDD is the
highest potential in the circuit. Figure 1, depicts the internal schematic of
the transistor array. The array has three complimentary pairs of MOSFETs. One
pair is connected such that it can be easily used as a MOSFET inverter. The
other two pairs have their gates connected.
Figure 1
The information contained within my laboratory
report 7 concerning an MOSFET Push-Pull Audio Amplifier was also reviewed.
Description
of Laboratory Procedures
The experiments results were produced by implementing
the circuits described in the LTspice Model: MOSFET
Characterization section. DC sweeps were performed while currents were
measured to produce IV curves. These IV curves can then be used to characterize
the MOSFETs on the CD4007 CMOS transistor array. These IV curves were either
obtained manually or by the Keithley 2450 SourceMeter.
Experimental
Results: NMOS Characterization
ID
v. VGS (0<VGS<3V) with VDS =3V
{obtained
manually}
Table 1
|
VGS |
ID |
|
0 |
0 |
|
0.1 |
0 |
|
0.2 |
0 |
|
0.3 |
0 |
|
0.4 |
0 |
|
0.5 |
0 |
|
0.6 |
0 |
|
0.7 |
0 |
|
0.8 |
0 |
|
0.9 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
|
1.1 |
1.00E-10 |
|
1.2 |
5.00E-10 |
|
1.3 |
3.00E-09 |
|
1.4 |
2.00E-07 |
|
1.5 |
9.80E-07 |
|
1.6 |
3.73E-06 |
|
1.7 |
1.02E-05 |
|
1.8 |
2.17E-05 |
|
1.9 |
3.87E-05 |
|
2 |
6.20E-05 |
|
2.1 |
9.11E-05 |
|
2.2 |
1.20E-04 |
|
2.3 |
1.60E-04 |
|
2.4 |
2.10E-04 |
|
2.5 |
2.60E-04 |
|
2.6 |
3.23E-04 |
|
2.7 |
3.86E-04 |
|
2.8 |
4.54E-04 |
|
2.9 |
5.27E-04 |
|
3 |
6.05E-04 |
Figure 2
ID
v. VDS (0<VDS<5V) with VGS varying from 1 to 5V in 1V steps
{obtained
on the Keithley 2450 SourceMeter}
Table 2
|
ID |
|||||
|
VDS |
VGS = 1 |
VGS=2 |
VGS=3 |
VGS=4 |
VGS=5 |
|
0 |
0.00E+00 |
3.16E-09 |
4.41E-09 |
3.54E-09 |
4.13E-09 |
|
0.05 |
0.00E+00 |
1.94E-05 |
6.61E-05 |
0.000107 |
0.000144 |
|
0.1 |
0.00E+00 |
3.39E-05 |
0.000128 |
0.00021 |
0.000283 |
|
0.15 |
0.00E+00 |
4.40E-05 |
0.000186 |
0.000309 |
0.000419 |
|
0.2 |
0.00E+00 |
5.02E-05 |
0.000238 |
0.000403 |
0.00055 |
|
0.25 |
0.00E+00 |
5.36E-05 |
0.000287 |
0.000494 |
0.000679 |
|
0.3 |
0.00E+00 |
5.52E-05 |
0.000331 |
0.000581 |
0.000803 |
|
0.35 |
0.00E+00 |
5.61E-05 |
0.00037 |
0.000664 |
0.000924 |
|
0.4 |
0.00E+00 |
5.66E-05 |
0.000406 |
0.000742 |
0.00104 |
|
0.45 |
0.00E+00 |
5.69E-05 |
0.000437 |
0.000817 |
0.001154 |
|
0.5 |
0.00E+00 |
5.72E-05 |
0.000464 |
0.000888 |
0.001263 |
|
0.55 |
0.00E+00 |
5.75E-05 |
0.000487 |
0.000955 |
0.001369 |
|
0.6 |
0.00E+00 |
5.77E-05 |
0.000506 |
0.001017 |
0.001471 |
|
0.65 |
0.00E+00 |
5.79E-05 |
0.000522 |
0.001076 |
0.001569 |
|
0.7 |
0.00E+00 |
5.80E-05 |
0.000535 |
0.001131 |
0.001663 |
|
0.75 |
0.00E+00 |
5.82E-05 |
0.000544 |
0.001182 |
0.001754 |
|
0.8 |
0.00E+00 |
5.83E-05 |
0.000552 |
0.001229 |
0.00184 |
|
0.85 |
0.00E+00 |
5.85E-05 |
0.000557 |
0.001273 |
0.001923 |
|
0.9 |
0.00E+00 |
5.86E-05 |
0.000562 |
0.001312 |
0.002002 |
|
0.95 |
0.00E+00 |
5.87E-05 |
0.000565 |
0.001348 |
0.002078 |
|
1 |
0.00E+00 |
5.88E-05 |
0.000568 |
0.00138 |
0.002149 |
|
1.05 |
0.00E+00 |
5.90E-05 |
0.000571 |
0.001409 |
0.002218 |
|
1.1 |
0.00E+00 |
5.91E-05 |
0.000573 |
0.001434 |
0.002282 |
|
1.15 |
0.00E+00 |
5.92E-05 |
0.000575 |
0.001456 |
0.002343 |
|
1.2 |
0.00E+00 |
5.93E-05 |
0.000576 |
0.001475 |
0.002399 |
|
1.25 |
0.00E+00 |
5.94E-05 |
0.000578 |
0.001491 |
0.002453 |
|
1.3 |
0.00E+00 |
5.95E-05 |
0.000579 |
0.001505 |
0.002503 |
|
1.35 |
0.00E+00 |
5.96E-05 |
0.000581 |
0.001517 |
0.002549 |
|
1.4 |
0.00E+00 |
5.97E-05 |
0.000582 |
0.001527 |
0.002592 |
|
1.45 |
0.00E+00 |
5.98E-05 |
0.000583 |
0.001536 |
0.002631 |
|
1.5 |
0.00E+00 |
5.99E-05 |
0.000584 |
0.001543 |
0.002667 |
|
1.55 |
0.00E+00 |
5.99E-05 |
0.000585 |
0.00155 |
0.0027 |
|
1.6 |
0.00E+00 |
6.00E-05 |
0.000586 |
0.001556 |
0.00273 |
|
1.65 |
0.00E+00 |
6.01E-05 |
0.000587 |
0.001561 |
0.002757 |
|
1.7 |
0.00E+00 |
6.02E-05 |
0.000588 |
0.001565 |
0.002782 |
|
1.75 |
0.00E+00 |
6.03E-05 |
0.000589 |
0.001569 |
0.002803 |
|
1.8 |
0.00E+00 |
6.04E-05 |
0.00059 |
0.001573 |
0.002823 |
|
1.85 |
0.00E+00 |
6.04E-05 |
0.000591 |
0.001576 |
0.00284 |
|
1.9 |
0.00E+00 |
6.05E-05 |
0.000591 |
0.001579 |
0.002855 |
|
1.95 |
0.00E+00 |
6.06E-05 |
0.000592 |
0.001582 |
0.002869 |
|
2 |
0.00E+00 |
6.07E-05 |
0.000593 |
0.001585 |
0.002881 |
|
2.05 |
0.00E+00 |
6.07E-05 |
0.000594 |
0.001588 |
0.002891 |
|
2.1 |
0.00E+00 |
6.08E-05 |
0.000594 |
0.001591 |
0.002901 |
|
2.15 |
0.00E+00 |
6.09E-05 |
0.000595 |
0.001593 |
0.00291 |
|
2.2 |
0.00E+00 |
6.10E-05 |
0.000596 |
0.001595 |
0.002918 |
|
2.25 |
0.00E+00 |
6.10E-05 |
0.000597 |
0.001598 |
0.002925 |
|
2.3 |
0.00E+00 |
6.11E-05 |
0.000597 |
0.0016 |
0.002931 |
|
2.35 |
0.00E+00 |
6.11E-05 |
0.000598 |
0.001602 |
0.002937 |
|
2.4 |
0.00E+00 |
6.12E-05 |
0.000599 |
0.001604 |
0.002943 |
|
2.45 |
0.00E+00 |
6.13E-05 |
0.000599 |
0.001606 |
0.002949 |
|
2.5 |
0.00E+00 |
6.14E-05 |
0.0006 |
0.001608 |
0.002953 |
|
2.55 |
0.00E+00 |
6.14E-05 |
0.000601 |
0.00161 |
0.002958 |
|
2.6 |
0.00E+00 |
6.15E-05 |
0.000601 |
0.001611 |
0.002963 |
|
2.65 |
0.00E+00 |
6.16E-05 |
0.000602 |
0.001613 |
0.002967 |
|
2.7 |
0.00E+00 |
6.16E-05 |
0.000602 |
0.001615 |
0.002971 |
|
2.75 |
0.00E+00 |
6.17E-05 |
0.000603 |
0.001617 |
0.002975 |
|
2.8 |
0.00E+00 |
6.17E-05 |
0.000604 |
0.001618 |
0.002978 |
|
2.85 |
0.00E+00 |
6.18E-05 |
0.000604 |
0.00162 |
0.002982 |
|
2.9 |
0.00E+00 |
6.19E-05 |
0.000605 |
0.001622 |
0.002986 |
|
2.95 |
0.00E+00 |
6.19E-05 |
0.000605 |
0.001623 |
0.002989 |
|
3 |
0.00E+00 |
6.20E-05 |
0.000606 |
0.001625 |
0.002992 |
|
3.05 |
0.00E+00 |
6.20E-05 |
0.000606 |
0.001626 |
0.002995 |
|
3.1 |
0.00E+00 |
6.21E-05 |
0.000607 |
0.001628 |
0.002998 |
|
3.15 |
0.00E+00 |
6.22E-05 |
0.000607 |
0.001629 |
0.003001 |
|
3.2 |
0.00E+00 |
6.22E-05 |
0.000608 |
0.00163 |
0.003004 |
|
3.25 |
0.00E+00 |
6.23E-05 |
0.000608 |
0.001632 |
0.003007 |
|
3.3 |
0.00E+00 |
6.23E-05 |
0.000609 |
0.001633 |
0.00301 |
|
3.35 |
0.00E+00 |
6.24E-05 |
0.00061 |
0.001635 |
0.003012 |
|
3.4 |
0.00E+00 |
6.25E-05 |
0.00061 |
0.001636 |
0.003015 |
|
3.45 |
0.00E+00 |
6.25E-05 |
0.00061 |
0.001637 |
0.003018 |
|
3.5 |
0.00E+00 |
6.26E-05 |
0.000611 |
0.001639 |
0.00302 |
|
3.55 |
0.00E+00 |
6.26E-05 |
0.000612 |
0.00164 |
0.003023 |
|
3.6 |
0.00E+00 |
6.27E-05 |
0.000612 |
0.001641 |
0.003025 |
|
3.65 |
0.00E+00 |
6.27E-05 |
0.000613 |
0.001643 |
0.003027 |
|
3.7 |
0.00E+00 |
6.28E-05 |
0.000613 |
0.001644 |
0.00303 |
|
3.75 |
0.00E+00 |
6.28E-05 |
0.000613 |
0.001645 |
0.003032 |
|
3.8 |
0.00E+00 |
6.29E-05 |
0.000614 |
0.001646 |
0.003034 |
|
3.85 |
0.00E+00 |
6.30E-05 |
0.000614 |
0.001648 |
0.003037 |
|
3.9 |
0.00E+00 |
6.30E-05 |
0.000615 |
0.001649 |
0.003039 |
|
3.95 |
0.00E+00 |
6.31E-05 |
0.000615 |
0.00165 |
0.003041 |
|
4 |
0.00E+00 |
6.31E-05 |
0.000616 |
0.001651 |
0.003043 |
|
4.05 |
0.00E+00 |
6.32E-05 |
0.000616 |
0.001652 |
0.003045 |
|
4.1 |
0.00E+00 |
6.32E-05 |
0.000617 |
0.001653 |
0.003047 |
|
4.15 |
0.00E+00 |
6.33E-05 |
0.000617 |
0.001655 |
0.003049 |
|
4.2 |
0.00E+00 |
6.33E-05 |
0.000618 |
0.001656 |
0.003051 |
|
4.25 |
0.00E+00 |
6.34E-05 |
0.000618 |
0.001657 |
0.003053 |
|
4.3 |
0.00E+00 |
6.34E-05 |
0.000619 |
0.001658 |
0.003055 |
|
4.35 |
0.00E+00 |
6.35E-05 |
0.000619 |
0.001659 |
0.003057 |
|
4.4 |
0.00E+00 |
6.35E-05 |
0.00062 |
0.00166 |
0.003059 |
|
4.45 |
0.00E+00 |
6.36E-05 |
0.00062 |
0.001661 |
0.003061 |
|
4.5 |
0.00E+00 |
6.36E-05 |
0.00062 |
0.001662 |
0.003063 |
|
4.55 |
0.00E+00 |
6.37E-05 |
0.000621 |
0.001663 |
0.003065 |
|
4.6 |
0.00E+00 |
6.37E-05 |
0.000621 |
0.001664 |
0.003067 |
|
4.65 |
0.00E+00 |
6.38E-05 |
0.000622 |
0.001665 |
0.003068 |
|
4.7 |
0.00E+00 |
6.38E-05 |
0.000622 |
0.001666 |
0.00307 |
|
4.75 |
0.00E+00 |
6.39E-05 |
0.000623 |
0.001667 |
0.003072 |
|
4.8 |
0.00E+00 |
6.39E-05 |
0.000623 |
0.001668 |
0.003074 |
|
4.85 |
0.00E+00 |
6.39E-05 |
0.000623 |
0.00167 |
0.003076 |
|
4.9 |
0.00E+00 |
6.40E-05 |
0.000624 |
0.001671 |
0.003077 |
|
4.95 |
0.00E+00 |
6.40E-05 |
0.000624 |
0.001672 |
0.003079 |
|
5 |
0.00E+00 |
6.41E-05 |
0.000625 |
0.001673 |
0.003081 |
Figure 3
ID
v. VGS (0<VGS<5V) with VDS = 5V for VSB varying from 0 to 3V in 1V steps
{obtained
manually}
Table 3
|
ID |
||||
|
VGS |
VSB =
0 |
VSB =
1 |
VSB =
2 |
VSB =
3 |
|
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.25 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.5 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
0.75 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1.25 |
1.90E-08 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1.5 |
1.30E-06 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
1.75 |
1.75E-05 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
|
2 |
6.40E-05 |
1.00E-09 |
0.00E+00 |
0 |
|
2.25 |
1.40E-04 |
1.82E-07 |
0.00E+00 |
0 |
|
2.5 |
2.40E-04 |
9.00E-06 |
0.00E+00 |
0 |
|
2.75 |
3.70E-04 |
5.10E-05 |
5.80E-09 |
0 |
|
3 |
5.10E-04 |
1.30E-04 |
1.36E-06 |
0 |
|
3.25 |
6.80E-04 |
2.40E-04 |
2.45E-05 |
1.50E-09 |
|
3.5 |
8.60E-04 |
3.80E-04 |
9.00E-05 |
6.00E-07 |
|
3.75 |
1.05E-03 |
5.30E-04 |
1.90E-04 |
1.87E-05 |
|
4 |
1.20E-03 |
7.13E-04 |
3.20E-04 |
7.90E-05 |
|
4.25 |
1.47E-03 |
9.00E-04 |
4.80E-04 |
1.80E-04 |
|
4.5 |
1.71E-03 |
1.10E-03 |
6.60E-04 |
3.10E-04 |
|
4.75 |
1.94E-03 |
1.35E-03 |
8.50E-04 |
4.60E-04 |
|
5 |
2.20E-03 |
1.58E-03 |
1.06E-03 |
6.40E-04 |
Figure 4
Experimental
Results: PMOS Characterization
ID
v. VSG (0<VSG<3V) with VSD =3V
{obtained
manually}
Table 4
|
VSG |
ID |
|
0 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.1 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.2 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.3 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.4 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.5 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.6 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.7 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.8 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.9 |
0.00E+00 |
|
1 |
1.00E-10 |
|
1.1 |
6.00E-10 |
|
1.2 |
5.00E-09 |
|
1.3 |
4.20E-08 |
|
1.4 |
3.60E-07 |
|
1.5 |
2.30E-06 |
|
1.6 |
8.60E-06 |
|
1.7 |
2.10E-05 |
|
1.8 |
4.00E-05 |
|
1.9 |
6.70E-05 |
|
2 |
1.00E-04 |
|
2.1 |
1.40E-04 |
|
2.2 |
1.80E-04 |
|
2.3 |
2.30E-04 |
|
2.4 |
2.90E-04 |
|
2.5 |
3.50E-04 |
|
2.6 |
4.10E-04 |
|
2.7 |
4.80E-04 |
|
2.8 |
5.64E-04 |
|
2.9 |
6.45E-04 |
|
3 |
7.30E-04 |
Figure 5
ID
v. VSD (0<VSD<5V) with VSG varying from 1 to 5V in 1V steps
{obtained
on the Keithley 2450 SourceMeter}
Table 5
|
ID |
|||||
|
VSD |
VSG=1 |
VSG=2 |
VSG=3 |
VSG=4 |
VSG=5 |
|
0 |
1.4E-10 |
1.91E-07 |
3.92E-07 |
3.71E-07 |
3.91E-07 |
|
0.05 |
7.21E-11 |
1.79E-05 |
4.88E-05 |
7.36E-05 |
9.46E-05 |
|
0.1 |
3.27E-11 |
3.35E-05 |
9.59E-05 |
0.000147 |
0.000191 |
|
0.15 |
1.9E-11 |
4.61E-05 |
0.000141 |
0.000218 |
0.000283 |
|
0.2 |
3.07E-11 |
5.63E-05 |
0.000184 |
0.000287 |
0.000375 |
|
0.25 |
1.65E-11 |
6.39E-05 |
0.000225 |
0.000354 |
0.000464 |
|
0.3 |
1.83E-11 |
6.95E-05 |
0.000263 |
0.00042 |
0.000553 |
|
0.35 |
1.4E-11 |
7.34E-05 |
0.0003 |
0.000483 |
0.000639 |
|
0.4 |
1.84E-11 |
7.61E-05 |
0.000334 |
0.000544 |
0.000723 |
|
0.45 |
2E-11 |
7.79E-05 |
0.000365 |
0.000604 |
0.000806 |
|
0.5 |
2.21E-11 |
7.92E-05 |
0.000395 |
0.000661 |
0.000887 |
|
0.55 |
1.85E-11 |
8.03E-05 |
0.000423 |
0.000717 |
0.000966 |
|
0.6 |
2.41E-11 |
8.11E-05 |
0.000449 |
0.000771 |
0.001044 |
|
0.65 |
2.11E-11 |
8.19E-05 |
0.000472 |
0.000823 |
0.00112 |
|
0.7 |
2.31E-11 |
8.25E-05 |
0.000494 |
0.000873 |
0.001195 |
|
0.75 |
2.36E-11 |
8.31E-05 |
0.000514 |
0.000921 |
0.001267 |
|
0.8 |
2.31E-11 |
8.37E-05 |
0.000532 |
0.000968 |
0.001339 |
|
0.85 |
2.49E-11 |
8.42E-05 |
0.000548 |
0.001013 |
0.001408 |
|
0.9 |
2.57E-11 |
8.47E-05 |
0.000562 |
0.001056 |
0.001476 |
|
0.95 |
2.51E-11 |
8.52E-05 |
0.000575 |
0.001097 |
0.001542 |
|
1 |
2.03E-11 |
8.56E-05 |
0.000587 |
0.001137 |
0.001606 |
|
1.05 |
2.79E-11 |
8.61E-05 |
0.000597 |
0.001174 |
0.001669 |
|
1.1 |
2.78E-11 |
8.65E-05 |
0.000606 |
0.00121 |
0.001731 |
|
1.15 |
1.72E-11 |
8.69E-05 |
0.000614 |
0.001245 |
0.00179 |
|
1.2 |
2.83E-11 |
8.73E-05 |
0.00062 |
0.001277 |
0.001848 |
|
1.25 |
3.26E-11 |
8.77E-05 |
0.000627 |
0.001308 |
0.001904 |
|
1.3 |
2.92E-11 |
8.81E-05 |
0.000632 |
0.001337 |
0.001959 |
|
1.35 |
3.4E-11 |
8.85E-05 |
0.000637 |
0.001365 |
0.002012 |
|
1.4 |
3.24E-11 |
8.89E-05 |
0.000642 |
0.001391 |
0.002064 |
|
1.45 |
3.06E-11 |
8.92E-05 |
0.000646 |
0.001415 |
0.002114 |
|
1.5 |
2.86E-11 |
8.96E-05 |
0.00065 |
0.001439 |
0.002163 |
|
1.55 |
3.24E-11 |
8.99E-05 |
0.000653 |
0.00146 |
0.002209 |
|
1.6 |
3.26E-12 |
9.03E-05 |
0.000657 |
0.00148 |
0.002255 |
|
1.65 |
4.16E-11 |
9.06E-05 |
0.00066 |
0.001499 |
0.002298 |
|
1.7 |
4.79E-11 |
9.1E-05 |
0.000663 |
0.001517 |
0.00234 |
|
1.75 |
4.22E-11 |
9.13E-05 |
0.000666 |
0.001533 |
0.002364 |
|
1.8 |
3.24E-11 |
9.17E-05 |
0.000668 |
0.001548 |
0.002376 |
|
1.85 |
3.59E-11 |
9.2E-05 |
0.000671 |
0.001562 |
0.002387 |
|
1.9 |
4.8E-11 |
9.23E-05 |
0.000674 |
0.001576 |
0.002398 |
|
1.95 |
5.16E-11 |
9.26E-05 |
0.000676 |
0.001588 |
0.002406 |
|
2 |
5.92E-11 |
9.29E-05 |
0.000679 |
0.001599 |
0.002415 |
|
2.05 |
5.28E-11 |
9.32E-05 |
0.000681 |
0.00161 |
0.002422 |
|
2.1 |
4.05E-11 |
9.36E-05 |
0.000683 |
0.00162 |
0.002428 |
|
2.15 |
5.01E-11 |
9.39E-05 |
0.000685 |
0.001629 |
0.002436 |
|
2.2 |
3.02E-11 |
9.42E-05 |
0.000688 |
0.001638 |
0.002443 |
|
2.25 |
4.6E-11 |
9.45E-05 |
0.00069 |
0.001646 |
0.00245 |
|
2.3 |
4.95E-11 |
9.48E-05 |
0.000692 |
0.001654 |
0.002454 |
|
2.35 |
6.6E-11 |
9.51E-05 |
0.000694 |
0.001662 |
0.00246 |
|
2.4 |
5E-11 |
9.54E-05 |
0.000696 |
0.001669 |
0.002467 |
|
2.45 |
5.14E-11 |
9.57E-05 |
0.000698 |
0.001675 |
0.002472 |
|
2.5 |
4.76E-11 |
9.6E-05 |
0.0007 |
0.001682 |
0.002477 |
|
2.55 |
4.51E-11 |
9.63E-05 |
0.000702 |
0.001688 |
0.002483 |
|
2.6 |
5.15E-11 |
9.66E-05 |
0.000704 |
0.001694 |
0.002488 |
|
2.65 |
5.57E-11 |
9.69E-05 |
0.000706 |
0.0017 |
0.002494 |
|
2.7 |
5.02E-11 |
9.72E-05 |
0.000708 |
0.001705 |
0.002499 |
|
2.75 |
4.18E-11 |
9.75E-05 |
0.00071 |
0.001711 |
0.002504 |
|
2.8 |
5.05E-11 |
9.77E-05 |
0.000711 |
0.001716 |
0.00251 |
|
2.85 |
5.45E-11 |
9.8E-05 |
0.000713 |
0.001721 |
0.002514 |
|
2.9 |
5.74E-11 |
9.83E-05 |
0.000715 |
0.001726 |
0.00252 |
|
2.95 |
5.2E-11 |
9.86E-05 |
0.000717 |
0.001731 |
0.002525 |
|
3 |
5.59E-11 |
9.88E-05 |
0.000719 |
0.001736 |
0.002529 |
|
3.05 |
5.24E-11 |
9.91E-05 |
0.00072 |
0.00174 |
0.002533 |
|
3.1 |
4.98E-11 |
9.94E-05 |
0.000722 |
0.001745 |
0.002537 |
|
3.15 |
5.66E-11 |
9.97E-05 |
0.000724 |
0.001749 |
0.002541 |
|
3.2 |
4.67E-11 |
1E-04 |
0.000726 |
0.001754 |
0.002543 |
|
3.25 |
5.94E-11 |
0.0001 |
0.000727 |
0.001758 |
0.002547 |
|
3.3 |
5.78E-11 |
0.000101 |
0.000729 |
0.001762 |
0.00255 |
|
3.35 |
6.27E-11 |
0.000101 |
0.000731 |
0.001766 |
0.002552 |
|
3.4 |
5.93E-11 |
0.000101 |
0.000732 |
0.00177 |
0.002555 |
|
3.45 |
5.12E-11 |
0.000101 |
0.000734 |
0.001774 |
0.002558 |
|
3.5 |
6.8E-11 |
0.000102 |
0.000736 |
0.001779 |
0.00256 |
|
3.55 |
6.99E-11 |
0.000102 |
0.000737 |
0.001782 |
0.002562 |
|
3.6 |
7.24E-11 |
0.000102 |
0.000739 |
0.001786 |
0.002564 |
|
3.65 |
5.91E-11 |
0.000102 |
0.000741 |
0.00179 |
0.002566 |
|
3.7 |
6.91E-11 |
0.000103 |
0.000742 |
0.001794 |
0.002568 |
|
3.75 |
7.66E-11 |
0.000103 |
0.000744 |
0.001798 |
0.00257 |
|
3.8 |
6.2E-11 |
0.000103 |
0.000745 |
0.001802 |
0.002572 |
|
3.85 |
6.46E-11 |
0.000103 |
0.000747 |
0.001805 |
0.002574 |
|
3.9 |
6.22E-11 |
0.000104 |
0.000748 |
0.001809 |
0.002575 |
|
3.95 |
3.67E-11 |
0.000104 |
0.00075 |
0.001813 |
0.002576 |
|
4 |
6.87E-11 |
0.000104 |
0.000752 |
0.001816 |
0.002577 |
|
4.05 |
6.61E-11 |
0.000104 |
0.000753 |
0.00182 |
0.002581 |
|
4.1 |
2.88E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000755 |
0.001823 |
0.002583 |
|
4.15 |
1.31E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000756 |
0.001827 |
0.002585 |
|
4.2 |
6.31E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000758 |
0.00183 |
0.002586 |
|
4.25 |
7.96E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000759 |
0.001834 |
0.002585 |
|
4.3 |
2.08E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000761 |
0.001837 |
0.002586 |
|
4.35 |
1.43E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000762 |
0.001841 |
0.002585 |
|
4.4 |
5.73E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000764 |
0.001844 |
0.002586 |
|
4.45 |
8.9E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000765 |
0.001848 |
0.002586 |
|
4.5 |
4.85E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000767 |
0.001851 |
0.002586 |
|
4.55 |
6.21E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000768 |
0.001854 |
0.002586 |
|
4.6 |
1.67E-12 |
0.000105 |
0.00077 |
0.001857 |
0.002586 |
|
4.65 |
1.29E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000771 |
0.001861 |
0.002587 |
|
4.7 |
9.6E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000772 |
0.001864 |
0.002584 |
|
4.75 |
1.06E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000774 |
0.001867 |
0.002586 |
|
4.8 |
8.76E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000775 |
0.00187 |
0.002586 |
|
4.85 |
7.18E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000777 |
0.001874 |
0.002588 |
|
4.9 |
1.49E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.000778 |
0.001877 |
0.002589 |
|
4.95 |
3.32E-11 |
0.000105 |
0.00078 |
0.00188 |
0.00259 |
|
5 |
1.84E-10 |
0.000105 |
0.000781 |
0.001883 |
0.002591 |
Figure 6
ID
v. VSG (0<VSG<5V) with VSD = 5V for VBS varying from 0 to 3V in 1V steps
{obtained
manually}
Table 6
|
ID |
||||
|
VSG |
VBS=0 |
VBS=1 |
VBS=2 |
VBS=3 |
|
0 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.25 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.5 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
0.75 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
1 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
1.25 |
1.00E-10 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
1.5 |
1.50E-08 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
1.75 |
2.50E-06 |
3.80E-08 |
0.00E+00 |
0.00E+00 |
|
2 |
3.40E-05 |
8.30E-06 |
2.90E-08 |
1.50E-10 |
|
2.25 |
1.10E-04 |
6.40E-05 |
2.50E-05 |
2.00E-07 |
|
2.5 |
3.20E-04 |
1.70E-04 |
6.90E-05 |
2.00E-05 |
|
2.75 |
5.70E-04 |
3.20E-04 |
1.80E-04 |
1.00E-04 |
|
3 |
7.90E-04 |
5.10E-04 |
3.40E-04 |
2.33E-04 |
|
3.25 |
1.04E-03 |
7.30E-04 |
5.40E-04 |
4.10E-04 |
|
3.5 |
1.32E-03 |
9.84E-04 |
7.70E-04 |
6.20E-04 |
|
3.75 |
1.61E-03 |
1.26E-03 |
1.03E-03 |
8.60E-04 |
|
4 |
1.93E-03 |
1.56E-03 |
1.31E-03 |
1.13E-03 |
|
4.25 |
2.27E-03 |
1.88E-03 |
1.62E-03 |
1.43E-03 |
|
4.5 |
2.62E-03 |
2.23E-03 |
1.95E-03 |
1.75E-03 |
|
4.75 |
2.99E-03 |
2.59E-03 |
2.30E-03 |
2.08E-03 |
|
5 |
3.40E-03 |
2.97E-03 |
2.67E-03 |
2.45E-03 |
Figure 7
Hand
Calculations
The following calculations were implemented to find
ballpark figures that will then be fine-tuned to match the device simulation
and observation results. Table 7 presents MOSFET parameters used
Table 7
|
Parameter |
Meaning |
Unit |
|
|
NMOS Threshold Voltage |
V |
|
|
Body Effect Coefficient |
|
|
|
Transconductance Parameter |
|
|
|
Channel Length Modulation Parameter |
|
|
|
Drain Current at |
A |
|
|
Oxide Thickness |
|
NMOS
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[11]
[12]
The above calculations
can be summarized in Table 8.
Table 8
|
Parameter |
Value |
|
|
1.75 V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
565 µA |
|
|
|
PMOS
[13]
[14]
[15]
[16]
[17]
[18]
[19]
[20]
[21]
[22]
[23]
The above calculations
can be summarized in Table 9.
Table 9
|
Parameter |
Value |
|
|
1.7 V |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.4 mA |
|
|
|
CD4007
Transistor Array LTspice Model
The values determined by hand calculations were then
manipulated until the behavior of the level one models represented the behavior
of the CD4007 Transistor Array. We created a text file to contain our level one
models as seen below.
*
* Level=1 models of CD4007 Transistor Array
*
.MODEL N_Lab8 NMOS LEVEL = 1
+ TOX = 17.25e-9 VT0 = 1.6 KP = 6u
+ LAMBDA = 0.010 GAMMA = .01
.MODEL P_Lab8 PMOS LEVEL = 1
+ TOX = 17.25e-9 VT0 = -1.5 KP = 5u
+
LAMBDA =
0.030 GAMMA
= .5
We were able to successfully generate an LTspice model that successfully replicated the behavior of
the CD4007 Transistor Array. One may look at the next two sections to observe
that we were able to replicate the recorded behavior of the device. However, there
were some cases that proved to be difficult to replicate. We realized that it
is difficult to create a model that perfectly replicates the observed device
behavior. Therefore, comprises were made to best replicate the observed
behavior of the device
LTspice
Model: MOSFET Characterization
{Simulation
= Left Plot; Experimental Results = Right Plot}
LTspice
Model: NMOS Characterization
ID
v. VGS (0<VGS<3V) with VDS =3V
Figure 8
Figure 9
ID
v. VDS (0<VDS<5V) with VGS varying from 1 to 5V in 1V steps
Figure 10
Figure 11
ID
v. VGS (0<VGS<5V) with VDS = 5V for VSB varying from 0 to 3V in 1V steps
Figure 12
Figure 13
LTspice
Model: PMOS Characterization
ID
v. VSG (0<VSG<3V) with VSD =3V
Figure 14
Figure 15
ID
v. VSD (0<VSD<5V) with VSG varying from 1 to 5V in 1V steps
Figure 16
Figure 17
ID
v. VSG (0<VSG<5V) with VSD = 5V for VBS varying from 0 to 3V in 1V steps
Figure 18
Figure 19
Testing
the LTspice Model: The CMOS Inverter
Now that we have developed a LTspice
model of the CD4007 transistor array we can implement a simple CMOS circuit
design. This simple CMOS circuit design can then be implemented on the
breadboard and on LTspice. The correlation between
the simulation behavior and the physical circuit behavior will testify to the
usefulness of our developed LTspice MOSFET models. To
determine the correlation of the two systems a metric must be used. The
difference of such a metric will give way to the correlation of the two
systems. In this case, our metric of correlation will be the delay of the input
and output signals. Additionally, the simple CMOS circuit design that we will
use is one of the AC test circuits given in the CD4007 transistor array (see
Figure 20). While probing, extraneous load capacitances should always be
considered. The oscilloscope probe adds a 15 pF load. There are also other
stray load capacitances that equate to 10 pF. Together, there is a net load
capacitance of 25 pF. In the CD4007 datasheet, we are given a visual definition
of delay time (Figure 21). The delay time is denoted by 
.
The delay time is the time difference between the points of 50% voltage of the
input (rising/falling edge) and output signal (falling/rising edge). Figure
22 depicts the LTspice model and the circuit
implemented on the breadboard.
Figure 20
Figure 21
Figure 22
Figure 23
Figure 24
Figures 23 and 24 depict the input and output
waveforms of the simulation (left) and the circuit on the breadboard (right).
Figure 24 and 25 show the measured delay. Here we can see that both the
simulation and the circuit on the breadboard have a delay ~28 ns (see Table
10). This is a reasonable delay value, as the CD4007 datasheet identifies a
typical delay value as 35 ns (see Figure 26). There is a strong correlation
between our LTspice model and our physical circuit
due to the small difference in delay values. Therefore, the MOSFETs on the CD4007 chip are effectively modeled by
our constructed LTspice mode.
Figure 25
Table 10
|
|
Delay |
|
LTspice Simulation |
28.439306 ns |
|
Physical
Circuit |
28 ns |
|
Difference |
0.439306 ns |
Figure 26
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