How
do you calculate the channel-length
modulation parameter, λ, for
a 180
nm process?
You
can get an estimate for λ
and ro as
discussed on
page 298; however, note that if VDS
varies
so will these values (perhaps
drastically).
Also
note that you can’t use the square
law equations (and thus λ) to
model
nanometer CMOS
as
discussed in the book.