How do you calculate the channel-length modulation parameter, λ, for a 180 nm process?

 

You can get an estimate for λ and ro as discussed on page 298; however, note that if VDS

varies so will these values (perhaps drastically).

 

Also note that you can’t use the square law equations (and thus λ) to model nanometer CMOS

as discussed in the book.

 

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